Ung

Zoom	A-chaeng The a-chaeng is smaller than the tai-chaeng and has only seven strings. It is played wih a bow of bare forsythia wood, reined, but without hairs. This bowed instrument was introduced in to Korea and used in Chinese music as nak-yang-chun, but later on it was adapted to Korean music as well, especially in dance music such as “jong-eup.”	Zoom	Pang-hyang Sixteen iron rectangles in two rows of eight hang in a carved stand. The slabs are indentical in shape and size, but vary in thickness. Played by striking with a horn hammer, it is used only Royal ancestral shrine music today. Un-la “Gong-chimes” consist of ten small bronze disks suspended in a wooden stand, with a handle protruding from the bottom. In marching, the handle is held in the left hand, and in the court the handle is fixed into the pedestal as in the picture.

Zoom	Chul-ko A barrel-shaped drum placed on a pedestal-like square frame. Used at the beginning and the end of the music. Chin-ko The largest drum, the chinko is placed on a frame. It is not highly ornamented like to kon’go, but plain, for it is not for royal pomp but for sacrifices. In the temple this large plain drum is used in the orchestra stationed on the ground rather than terrace.	Zoom	Pyun-chong Sixteen bronze bells in two rows of eight each hang in a carved stand. They are identical in shape and size, but different in thickness (the thicker the bell, the higher the tone). The tones rise from lower right to lower left, then from upper lift to right. Teuk-chong This single bronze bell is larger than those of Pyen-chong. Turned to C, as is the first bell of Pyun-chong, it is used to start the orchestra. The use of this bell is limited to Confucian and Royal Ancestral shrine music and it is confined to terrace orchestra.

Zoom	Jwe-ko A short barrel-shaped drum that hungs from a frame. Its sound reinforces the hour-glass drum. Yong-ko Dragon-drum. Korean small drum that hangs from the shoulder while played.	Zoom	Ung-ko The Ungko, answering drum, is a long-shapped barrel drum hung in wooden frame, on the top of which a brightly painted moon is carved. This instrument was used with the Sak-ko in court ceremonials and banquets during the Choson dynasty.

Zoom	No-ko and No-to This “street drum” consists of two largeelongated barrel drums, their sides painted red, set a top each other at right angles and suspended by a pole that hangs from the centre of a carred wooden stand. Though like the noe-ko and yong-ko, this drum is played with the chin’go, only one of the four drumheads is actually struck. Young-ko This “spirit drum” is counterpart of the noe-ko, differing only in the fact that it consists of eight drums and its sides are painted yellow instead of black. The yong-ko was played with the yongko in the rituals for the earth deities and those for the guardian deities of the state.	Zoom	Wa-gong-hu This horizontal harp has 13 strings made of silk and a red sandal wood or zelkora wood body. It was used with the su-gong-hu in the Koguryo 　 Su-gong-hu The su-gong-hu has 21 silk strings which produce delicate tones. It was used with the wa-gong-hu in the Koguryo peroid (37BC-688AD) but after that there is no record of its use.

Zoom	Pak Clappers shaped like a folded fan. Six leaves and loosely held together by a cord made of deer skin at the upper end. The loose ends are thicker than the bound ends. The left hand holds a leaf, while the right hand opens and claps the other leaves against the leaf held in the left hand.	Zoom	Weol-keum The weol-keum, also called wan-halm, has a round body and a long neck. The Chinese yueh-ch’in has a shot neck, while the wan-ham (Japanese: genkwan) has a long neck, being different instruments. Hyang-pipa The Korean pips had ten frets of the same farm as that of the komun-ko (the present one has twelve frets), it was plucked with a wooden plectrum in Chinese music and plucked with the bare fighers or with artificial nails when playing Korean music. So-kong-hu This small harp differs from the vertical harp, Sugonghu, in that the lower part of the arch protrudes, forming a stick that is put insider the belt, freeing both hands to pluck the strings. This small harp with thirteen silk strings is no longer in use.

Zoom	Yang-keum Yang-keum, meaning Western zither, is also called “Kura-cholsa-keum”, meaning European steel-wired zither. Hence, it is understood that the dulciner originated in the west and its steel wires were strange to oriental musician, as the strings of almost oriental instruments are made of silk. Kaya-ko (or Kaya-Keum) A long zither with twelve strings stretched over twelve movable bridges. The original one has a comparatively board soundboard that makes the space between the strings wide and has a head that protrudes on two sides, resembling the ears of a sheep. The remodeled version has narrow sound-board, making the space between the strings small so that one may play rapid passages easily. Its head is like that of the komun-ko, without the sheep’s ears.

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